Tuesday, October 13, 2009

Ansimar

Generic Name :
Ansimar

Brand Name:
Zuellig

Dosage
Tab Adult 1 tab bid-tid. Syr Childn >12 yr 10 mL once-tid, <12 yr 6-9 mg/kg

FREQUENCY:
bid.

Mechanism of Action
Bronchodilator.

Indications
Bronchial asthma & pulmonary disease w/ spastic bronchial component.

Contraindications
Acute MI, hypotension, lactation.

Adverse Drug Reactions
Nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, cephalalgia, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, extrasystole, tachypnea, hyperglycemia, albuminuria.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

> Use with caution in patients with hypoxemia, hyperthyroidism, liver disease, renal disease, in those with history of peptic ulcer and in elderly. Frequently, patients with CHF have markedly prolonged drug serum levels following discontinuation of Ansimar.

> assess for allergic reaction
> assess for breath sounds
>should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

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Ferrous sulfate

Generic Name:
Ferrous sulfate
Trade Name:

Classification:
Iron Preparation

Dose, Route,
PO

freq:
BID

MECHANISM OF ACTION


Elevates the serum iron concentration which then helps to form High or trapped in the reticuloendothelial cells for storage and eventual conversion to a usable form of iron.

INDICATIONS

• Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemias.
• Dietary supplement for iron.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Hypersensitivity
• Severe hypotension.

ADVERSE EFFECT

• Dizziness
• N & V
• Nasal Congestion
• Dyspnea
• Hypotension
• CHF
• MI
• Muscle cramps
• Flushing

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

• Advise patient to take medicine as prescribed.
• Caution patient to make position changes slowly to minimize orhtostatic hypotension.
• Instruct patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol or OTC medicine without consulting the physician.
• Advise patient to consult physician if irregular heartbeat, dyspnea, swelling of hands and feet and hypotension occurs.
• Inform patient that angina attacks may occur 30 min. after administration due reflex tachycardia.
• Encourage patient to comply with additional intervention for hypertension like proper diet, regular exercise, lifestyle changes and stress management.

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paracetamol

Generic name:
• paracetamol

Brand name:
• Calpol

Classification:
• Analgesics
• Muscle Relaxants

Dosage:
• 2.5ml

Route:
• PO

Frequency:
• q 4hrs


MECAHNISM OF ACTION
♥ Decreases fever by inhibiting the effects of pyrogens on the hypothalamus heat regulating centers & by a hypothalamic action leading to sweating & vasodilatation.

♥Relieves pain by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis at the CNS but does not have anti-inflammatory action because of its minimal effect on peripheral prostaglandin synthesis.


INDICATIONS
♥ Relief of mild-to-moderate pain; treatment of fever.



CONTRAINDICATIONS
Contraindicated to patients with:

☼ Hypersensitivity

☼ intolerance to tartrazine (yellow dye #5), alcohol, table sugar, saccharin

☼ Contraindicated with allergy to acetaminophen



ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG
Stimulation, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hepatotoxicity, hepatic seizure(overdose, Renal failure(high, prolonged doses), leucopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia (long term use) thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, rash, urticaria, hypersensitivity, cyanosis, anemia, jaundice, CNS, stimulation, delirium followed by vascular collaps, convulsions, coma, death.


NURSING INTERVENTION and PRECAUTIONS
♥ Assess patient’s fever or pain: typeof pain, location, intensity, duration, temperature, and diaphoresis.

♥Assess allergic reactions: rash, urticaria; if these occur, drug may have to be discontinued.

♥Teach patient to recognize signs of chronic overdose: bleeding, bruising, malaise, fever, sore throat.

♥Tell patient to notify prescriber for pain/ fever lasting for more than 3 days.

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Saturday, October 10, 2009

ceftazidime

Generic name:
• ceftazidime

Brand name:
• Tazidime

Classification:
• Antibiotic
• Cephalosporin (third generation)

Dosage:
• 300 mg

Route:
• IVTT

Frequency:
• q 8 hr
• ANST(-)

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
♥ Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.

INDICATION:
☻ CNS infections


CONTRAINDICATIONS
☼ Contraindicated to patients with allergies to penicillins, cepahlosporins.


ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG
CNS: Headache, dizziness, thethargies, paresthesias

GI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence, psuedomembranous colitis, liver toxicity

GU: Nephrotoxicity

Hematologic: bone marrow depression- decreased WBC, decreased platelets, decrease Hct

Hypersensitivity: ranging from rash to fever to anaphylaxis, serum sickness reaction

Local: Pain, abscess at injection site, phlebitis, inflammation at IV site

Other: Superinfections, disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol

NURSING INTERVENTION and PRECAUTIONS
☻ Assess for liver and renal dysfunction
☻ Culture infection, and arrange sensitivity tests before and during therapy if expected response is not seen.
Warning:

☻ Do not mix with aminoglycoside solutions, administer these drugs separately.
☻ Powder and reconstituted solution darken with storage.
☻ Have Vit. K available in case hypoprothrombinemia occurs
☻ Discontinue if hypersensitivity occurs
☻ Teach SO that patients may experience upset stomach or diarrhea but must report severe diarrhea, difficulty breathing, fatigue, pain at injection site.

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ceftazidime, Tazidime



Generic name:
• ceftazidime

Brand name:
• Tazidime

Classification:
• Antibiotic
• Cephalosporin (third generation)

Dosage:
• 300 mg

Route:
• IVTT

Frequency:
• q 8 hr
• ANST(-)

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
♥ Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.

INDICATION:
☻ CNS infections


CONTRAINDICATIONS
☼ Contraindicated to patients with allergies to penicillins, cepahlosporins.


ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG
CNS: Headache, dizziness, thethargies, paresthesias

GI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence, psuedomembranous colitis, liver toxicity

GU: Nephrotoxicity

Hematologic: bone marrow depression- decreased WBC, decreased platelets, decrease Hct

Hypersensitivity: ranging from rash to fever to anaphylaxis, serum sickness reaction

Local: Pain, abscess at injection site, phlebitis, inflammation at IV site

Other: Superinfections, disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol

NURSING INTERVENTION and PRECAUTIONS
☻ Assess for liver and renal dysfunction
☻ Culture infection, and arrange sensitivity tests before and during therapy if expected response is not seen.
Warning:

☻ Do not mix with aminoglycoside solutions, administer these drugs separately.
☻ Powder and reconstituted solution darken with storage.
☻ Have Vit. K available in case hypoprothrombinemia occurs
☻ Discontinue if hypersensitivity occurs
☻ Teach SO that patients may experience upset stomach or diarrhea but must report severe diarrhea, difficulty breathing, fatigue, pain at injection site.

Read more...

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